The article analyzes the potential and capabilities of mixed learning technology as a didactic tool for transitioning from traditional learning models to an integrated model with the involvement of environment and resources. Particular attention was paid to the conclusion that the features of blended learning, its correct and full use allow students to master individual work.
Key words: blended learning, elementary school, information technologies, e-learning, educational informatization .
Nowadays, it is one of the most urgent issues to improve not only the world education system, but also Kazakhstan's education system from year to year. The current stage of development of educational activity is determined by the advantage of using information and communication technologies, which allow to strengthen the forms and methods of traditional methods of education. New information technologies restore the intellectual activity and communication of people. In turn, the process of changing the educational environment with the help of information technology, in particular: abandoning the classical classroom teaching; shift priority in the direction of individualization; aims to eliminate the division of the educational process into classroom and homework. Informatization of training requires other ways of organizing and implementing the educational process, which are implemented today in the following directions: improvement of the resource base of the educational process; complex automation of educational process; creation and implementation of an open model of education; creative education in general educational institutions
In the conditions of high availability of information (with the Internet and the ability to quickly search for information), the most valuable qualities of a person are [1]:
– ability to solve complex problems;
– critical thinking;
– creativity;
– ability to communicate effectively with others;
– emotional intelligence;
– lifelong learning ability;
– ability to make decisions;
– responsibility as the ability to respond to one's own results activities.
One of the modern educational technologies is blended learning or is blended learning, based on the concept of combining «classroom system» technologies, e-learning, distance education technologies. Blended learning is an educational approach that combines face-to-face and online learning. Blended learning includes elements of self-control of the student's educational direction, time, place, and pace of learning, as well as online integration of learning experiences with the teacher [2]. The term blended learning was initially ambiguous as it encompassed a wide range of technologies and pedagogical methods in various combinations. In 2006, the term began to be clarified with the Bank's first guidelines and Graham's publication on blended learning. Graham challenged the broadness and vagueness of the definition and defined «blended learning systems» as learning systems that «combine face-to-face learning with computer-based learning» [3]. Currently, blended learning is actively developing in universities, schools and kindergartens.
In the issue of blended learning, many of our scientists recommend using it in higher educational institutions, while one of them believes that it is more effective to use it in higher classes. However, blended learning can also be implemented in elementary school. If the teachers can properly organize the children's own work and communicate with them during the practice, everything will be fine. However, at first, parents are ready to accept this approach only if the child exercises control over the school grounds. Many parents are not ready to allow the child to be alone at home and learn on his own. Among the main advantages of mixed education for children of junior school age, the following can be mentioned: every learner has the opportunity to acquire the necessary knowledge and skills in a convenient format;
– plans the need for training and what results it will produce;
– provides effective training management tools;
– time spent on learning without losing the advantages of the traditional approach
– and reduces financial costs; active social interaction between students and teachers takes place;
As we can see, the implementation of blended learning fully meets the requirements of domestic educational standards, so it can and should be used in practice. One of the main advantages of blended learning compared to traditional educational programs is the opportunity for students to act as active participants in the learning process, to independently choose the most interesting areas of study, and to work on individual and group projects. Each student chooses the material that corresponds to his abilities and current knowledge in a certain area. There is an opportunity to change the complexity of the learning material and the pace of working with it.
Both professionals and students of primary education have many opportunities to master new technologies, as the number of online classes is gradually increasing. At the beginning, when introducing innovative technologies, it is enough to teach text materials, forum, chat, testing system and file sharing system. Mixed education allows solving a number of problems in the process of primary education:
1) For students
– increasing the availability and flexibility of education, taking into account their individual educational needs, as well as expanding the rate of learning material, educational opportunities of students;
– maximum objectification of assessment procedure and results;
– stimulation of the formation of the subjective position of the learner: stimulation of independence, social activity, cognitive activity;
– to get personal advice from the teacher to overcome the difficulties in mastering the learning material and eliminate gaps in knowledge.
2) For teachers:
– improving the qualification of teaching staff;
– pedagogical in order to achieve new educational results increase the efficiency of the service;
– new control and communication in the pedagogical process use of types;
– organization of quality work with highly motivated students opportunity.
3) to organize the learning process
– at the expense of increasing the level of efficiency of pedagogical activity
– opportunity to save money. students thanks to the organization of multidisciplinary training
– attract an additional contingent;
– solving the problem of shortage of pedagogical personnel;
– intensifying educational activity in order to save time for the implementation of other educational and cultural needs.
– Pupils will be listeners, teachers will be tutors, school staff will be organizers of the educational process.
Let's name the main elements of the blended learning model:
– Lectures: lecture materials are formalized in the form of presentations and/or online courses.
– Seminar classes (face-to-face sessions): classes can be combined with lecture classes. Discussion of important topics of the subject, as well as development of practical skills.
– Teaching materials of subjects (textbooks and methodological tools): materials are presented in printed and electronic form, various multimedia applications are used.
– Individual and group online projects (collaboration): development of skills for working on the Internet, analyzing information from various sources, working with a group, dividing tasks and responsibilities for work.
– Virtual class: communication of students with the teacher through various means of Internet communication.
Moreover there is the basic principles of formative assessment can be formulated by Kazakhstani pedagogical specialists as follows:
– A significant component of the process of evaluating the learning abilities and learning outcomes of the student on a semantic basis.
– The sequence of educational results and the main goal of the formed competencies on the basis of probability.
– To focus on the level of proportionality of evaluation criteria, which, according to the criterion of objectivity or fairness, is considered an evaluative means of educational results.
– Acceptance of educational results on the principle of integration as the main component in the organization of the pedagogical process.
– Involve students in determining the main categories of evaluation criteria for transparency, explain their main semantic roots.
– Ensuring the subjectivity and precision of the applied standards for determining performance indicators based on the principle of accessibility.
– Consistent implementation and preservation of the continuity of the definition of indicators by consistency.
Formative assessment as part of everyday learning is used in every lesson and acts as a means of developing self-regulation of students. In formative assessment, students should evaluate their knowledge, be evaluated as constructive feedback. To evaluate the results of their activities, students must manage data on how successful they are. Therefore, they are interested in assessments and comments from the teacher, comparing the self-assessment data with the data of teachers and the subject of the criteria necessary for educational activities. The more correctly the results of educational activities are evaluated, the more accurate and purposeful the educational actions become. Evaluation of results as a component of self-regulation makes a decision. Questions arise that determine whether these actions need to be corrected or whether they can be continued in the same direction. Therefore, formative assessment is important for both students and teachers. The student sets educational goals for himself, determines solutions and evaluates his progress, plans further steps under the guidance of the teacher. Based on the evaluation criteria, the issue of obtaining an objective representation of students about learning outcomes and determining the effectiveness of formative assessment is relevant.
The use of e-learning and distance education technologies allows students to create an accessible and flexible learning environment, which significantly expands the opportunities for students to work together [4]. Along with the obvious advantages of using video courses, such as the variety of educational materials, demonstration of production processes, monitoring of training, there are also disadvantages: the reduction of the active role of students in education; technical problems with software or hardware. We formulate the following recommendations to make blended learning more effective: Blended learning should be targeted. Blended learning is a prospective learning system that combines the advantages of traditional and interactive learning. In our opinion, the development of a mixed type of education can be one of the main directions of modernization of the entire field of education.
References:
- Dolgova T. V. Blended learning is an innovation of the 21st century. — URL: https://interactiv.su/2017/12/31.
- Andreeva N. V., Rozhdestvenskaya L. V., Yarmakhov B. B. Shag school in mixed education. — Moscow, 2016.
- Bonk, K.J., Graham, K.R. (2006). Handbook of mixed learning environments: global perspectives, local projects. San Francisco: Jossey‐Bass/Pfeiffer. — p. 5.
- Nagaeva I. A. Online training: development and prospects for development // Scientific training system for training of personnel. — Ch.: CHIPPKRO, — No. 3, 2013. — S. 31–37.
